<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=2">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#222">
<meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.1.0">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-touch-icon-next.png">
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/favicon-32x32-next.png">
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/favicon-16x16-next.png">
  <link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/logo.svg" color="#222">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">


<link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css">

<script id="hexo-configurations">
    var NexT = window.NexT || {};
    var CONFIG = {"hostname":"chenmenghui.gitee.io","root":"/","scheme":"Gemini","version":"7.8.0","exturl":false,"sidebar":{"position":"left","display":"post","padding":18,"offset":12,"onmobile":false},"copycode":{"enable":false,"show_result":false,"style":null},"back2top":{"enable":true,"sidebar":true,"scrollpercent":true},"bookmark":{"enable":false,"color":"#222","save":"auto"},"fancybox":false,"mediumzoom":false,"lazyload":false,"pangu":false,"comments":{"style":"tabs","active":null,"storage":true,"lazyload":false,"nav":null},"algolia":{"hits":{"per_page":10},"labels":{"input_placeholder":"Search for Posts","hits_empty":"We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}","hits_stats":"${hits} results found in ${time} ms"}},"localsearch":{"enable":true,"trigger":"auto","top_n_per_article":1,"unescape":false,"preload":false},"motion":{"enable":false,"async":false,"transition":{"post_block":"fadeIn","post_header":"slideDownIn","post_body":"slideDownIn","coll_header":"slideLeftIn","sidebar":"slideUpIn"}},"path":"search.xml"};
  </script>

  <meta name="description" content="第一章 对程序员来说CPU是什么 热身问题   程序是什么 程序是有什么组成的 什么是机器语言 正在运行的程序存储再什么位置 什么是内存地址 计算机的构成元件中,负责程序的解释和运行的是哪个   答案   指示计算机每一步动作的一组指令 程序是指令和数据的组合体.如echo ‘hello’.echo是指令,hello是数据 机器语言是CPU可以直接识别并使用的语言.实际上,cpu能够直接识别和执行">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="计算机基础知识之《程序是怎样跑起来的》">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://chenmenghui.gitee.io/posts/27797.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="陈孟辉的学习笔记">
<meta property="og:description" content="第一章 对程序员来说CPU是什么 热身问题   程序是什么 程序是有什么组成的 什么是机器语言 正在运行的程序存储再什么位置 什么是内存地址 计算机的构成元件中,负责程序的解释和运行的是哪个   答案   指示计算机每一步动作的一组指令 程序是指令和数据的组合体.如echo ‘hello’.echo是指令,hello是数据 机器语言是CPU可以直接识别并使用的语言.实际上,cpu能够直接识别和执行">
<meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-11-21T16:00:00.000Z">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-04-15T05:54:44.862Z">
<meta property="article:author" content="陈孟辉">
<meta property="article:tag" content="计算机基础">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">

<link rel="canonical" href="https://chenmenghui.gitee.io/posts/27797.html">


<script id="page-configurations">
  // https://hexo.io/docs/variables.html
  CONFIG.page = {
    sidebar: "",
    isHome : false,
    isPost : true,
    lang   : 'zh-CN'
  };
</script>

  <title>计算机基础知识之《程序是怎样跑起来的》 | 陈孟辉的学习笔记</title>
  






  <noscript>
  <style>
  .use-motion .brand,
  .use-motion .menu-item,
  .sidebar-inner,
  .use-motion .post-block,
  .use-motion .pagination,
  .use-motion .comments,
  .use-motion .post-header,
  .use-motion .post-body,
  .use-motion .collection-header { opacity: initial; }

  .use-motion .site-title,
  .use-motion .site-subtitle {
    opacity: initial;
    top: initial;
  }

  .use-motion .logo-line-before i { left: initial; }
  .use-motion .logo-line-after i { right: initial; }
  </style>
</noscript>

<link rel="alternate" href="/rss2.xml" title="陈孟辉的学习笔记" type="application/rss+xml">
</head>

<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage">
  <div class="container">
    <div class="headband"></div>

    <header class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader">
      <div class="header-inner"><div class="site-brand-container">
  <div class="site-nav-toggle">
    <div class="toggle" aria-label="切换导航栏">
      <span class="toggle-line toggle-line-first"></span>
      <span class="toggle-line toggle-line-middle"></span>
      <span class="toggle-line toggle-line-last"></span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="site-meta">

    <a href="/" class="brand" rel="start">
      <span class="logo-line-before"><i></i></span>
      <h1 class="site-title">陈孟辉的学习笔记</h1>
      <span class="logo-line-after"><i></i></span>
    </a>
      <p class="site-subtitle" itemprop="description">加油吧骚年</p>
  </div>

  <div class="site-nav-right">
    <div class="toggle popup-trigger">
        <i class="fa fa-search fa-fw fa-lg"></i>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>




<nav class="site-nav">
  <ul id="menu" class="main-menu menu">
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-home">

    <a href="/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-home fa-fw"></i>首页</a>

  </li>
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-categories">

    <a href="/categories/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-th fa-fw"></i>分类</a>

  </li>
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-tags">

    <a href="/tags/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-tags fa-fw"></i>标签</a>

  </li>
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-archives">

    <a href="/archives/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-archive fa-fw"></i>归档</a>

  </li>
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-about">

    <a href="/about/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-user fa-fw"></i>关于</a>

  </li>
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-rss">

    <a href="/rss2.xml" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-rss fa-fw"></i>RSS</a>

  </li>
      <li class="menu-item menu-item-search">
        <a role="button" class="popup-trigger"><i class="fa fa-search fa-fw"></i>搜索
        </a>
      </li>
  </ul>
</nav>



  <div class="search-pop-overlay">
    <div class="popup search-popup">
        <div class="search-header">
  <span class="search-icon">
    <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
  </span>
  <div class="search-input-container">
    <input autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off"
           placeholder="搜索..." spellcheck="false"
           type="search" class="search-input">
  </div>
  <span class="popup-btn-close">
    <i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i>
  </span>
</div>
<div id="search-result">
  <div id="no-result">
    <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x fa-fw"></i>
  </div>
</div>

    </div>
  </div>

</div>
    </header>

    


    <main class="main">
      <div class="main-inner">
        <div class="content-wrap">
          

          <div class="content post posts-expand">
            

    
  
  
  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-block" lang="zh-CN">
    <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://chenmenghui.gitee.io/posts/27797.html">

    <span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
      <meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.gif">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="陈孟辉">
      <meta itemprop="description" content="日积月藏，不做咸鱼。这里是陈孟辉的个人学习笔记，现就职于北京瑞友科技，负责维护企业ERP系统。">
    </span>

    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="陈孟辉的学习笔记">
    </span>
      <header class="post-header">
        <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
          计算机基础知识之《程序是怎样跑起来的》
        </h1>

        <div class="post-meta">
            <span class="post-meta-item">
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="far fa-calendar"></i>
              </span>
              <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>

              <time title="创建时间：2018-11-22 00:00:00" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2018-11-22T00:00:00+08:00">2018-11-22</time>
            </span>
              <span class="post-meta-item">
                <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                  <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
                </span>
                <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
                <time title="修改时间：2022-04-15 13:54:44" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2022-04-15T13:54:44+08:00">2022-04-15</time>
              </span>
            <span class="post-meta-item">
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="far fa-folder"></i>
              </span>
              <span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span>
                <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
                  <a href="/categories/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">图书</span></a>
                </span>
                  ，
                <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
                  <a href="/categories/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">计算机基础</span></a>
                </span>
            </span>

          
  
  <span class="post-meta-item">
    
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-comment"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">Valine：</span>
    
    <a title="valine" href="/posts/27797.html#valine-comments" itemprop="discussionUrl">
      <span class="post-comments-count valine-comment-count" data-xid="/posts/27797.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span>
    </a>
  </span>
  
  <br>
            <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数">
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="far fa-file-word"></i>
              </span>
                <span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span>
              <span>1.3k</span>
            </span>
            <span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长">
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="far fa-clock"></i>
              </span>
                <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 &asymp;</span>
              <span>1 分钟</span>
            </span>

        </div>
      </header>

    
    
    
    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">

      
        <h1 id="第一章-对程序员来说CPU是什么"><a href="#第一章-对程序员来说CPU是什么" class="headerlink" title="第一章 对程序员来说CPU是什么"></a>第一章 对程序员来说CPU是什么</h1><blockquote>
<p>热身问题</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li>程序是什么</li>
<li>程序是有什么组成的</li>
<li>什么是机器语言</li>
<li>正在运行的程序存储再什么位置</li>
<li>什么是内存地址</li>
<li>计算机的构成元件中,负责程序的解释和运行的是哪个</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>答案</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li>指示计算机每一步动作的一组指令</li>
<li>程序是指令和数据的组合体.如echo ‘hello’.echo是指令,hello是数据</li>
<li>机器语言是CPU可以直接识别并使用的语言.实际上,cpu能够直接识别和执行的只有机器语言.c等编写的程序都实在转化成机器语言后才运行的.</li>
<li>内存</li>
<li>内存是保存指令和数据的场所,通过地址来标记和指定.地址用整数值来表示</li>
<li>CPU.</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="CPU的内部解析"><a href="#CPU的内部解析" class="headerlink" title="CPU的内部解析"></a>CPU的内部解析</h2><p>cpu(central processing unit)的组成部分</p>
<ul>
<li>寄存器 可以用来暂存指令,数据等处理对象,可将其看成内存的一部分</li>
<li>控制器 负责把内存上的指令,数据等读入寄存器,并根据指令的执行结果来控制整个计算器</li>
<li>运算器 负责运算从内存读入寄存器的数据</li>
<li>时钟 负责发出cpu开始计时的时钟信号.时钟信号的频率愈高,cpu的运行速度俞快</li>
</ul>
<p>程序运行流程</p>
<ol>
<li>使用c等高级语言编写程序</li>
<li>将程序编译后转化成机器语言的EXE文件</li>
<li>程序运行时,在内存中生成EXE文件的副本</li>
<li>CPU解释并执行程序内容</li>
</ol>
<p>内存,通常指的时主存储器(main memory).主存通过控制芯片等于cpu相连,主要负责存储指令和数据.主存由可读写的元素组成,每个字节(1字节&#x3D;8位)都带有一个地址编号.cpu课程通过该地址读写主存中的指令和数据.</p>
<p>控制指的是除了数据运算以外的处理,如键鼠输入,显示器输出</p>
<h2 id="cpu是寄存器的集合体"><a href="#cpu是寄存器的集合体" class="headerlink" title="cpu是寄存器的集合体"></a>cpu是寄存器的集合体</h2><p>程序是把寄存器作为对象来来描述的</p>
<p>汇编语言采用助记符来编写程序.每一个原本是电气信号的机器语言指令都对应一个助记符.</p>
<p>不同种类的cpu,内部寄存器的数量种类及其数据存储范围都是不一致的.大致可分为八类</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>种类</th>
<th>功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>累加寄存器</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>&#x2F;&#x2F; 这个我之前写完了，后来莫名其妙丢失了。</p>
<p>C语言关键字（字母排序）</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>关键字</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>auto</td>
<td>声明自动变量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>break</td>
<td>跳出当前循环</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>case</td>
<td>开关语句分支</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>char</td>
<td>声明字符型变量或函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>const</td>
<td>声明只读变量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>continue</td>
<td>结束当前循环并开始下一轮循环</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>default</td>
<td>开关语句的「其他」分支</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>do</td>
<td>循环语句的循环体</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>double</td>
<td>声明双精度变量或函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>else</td>
<td>条件语句否定分支（if）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>enum</td>
<td>声明枚举类</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>extern</td>
<td>声明变量是在其它文件中声明</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>float</td>
<td>声明浮点型变量或函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>for</td>
<td>一种循环语句</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>goto</td>
<td>无条件跳转语句</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>if</td>
<td>条件语句</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>int</td>
<td>声明整型变量或函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>long</td>
<td>声明长整型变量或函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>register</td>
<td>声明寄存器变量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>return</td>
<td>子程序返回语句</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>short</td>
<td>声明短整形变量或函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>signed</td>
<td>声明有符号类型变量或函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sizeof</td>
<td>计算数据类型长度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>static</td>
<td>声明静态变量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>struct</td>
<td>声明静态变量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>switch</td>
<td>用于开关语句</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>typedef</td>
<td>用于给数据类型起别名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>union</td>
<td>声明共用数据类型</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>unsigned</td>
<td>声明无符号类型变量或函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>void</td>
<td>声明函数无返回值或无参数，声明无类型指针</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>volatile</td>
<td>说明变量在程序执行中可被隐含地改变</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>while</td>
<td>循环语句的循环条件</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>

    </div>

    
    
    

      <footer class="post-footer">
          <div class="post-tags">
              <a href="/tags/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/" rel="tag"># 计算机基础</a>
          </div>

        


        
    <div class="post-nav">
      <div class="post-nav-item">
    <a href="/posts/50222.html" rel="prev" title="前端性能优化原理与实践">
      <i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i> 前端性能优化原理与实践
    </a></div>
      <div class="post-nav-item">
    <a href="/posts/12787.html" rel="next" title="注意箭头函数">
      注意箭头函数 <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i>
    </a></div>
    </div>
      </footer>
    
  </article>
  
  
  



          </div>
          
    <div class="comments" id="valine-comments"></div>

<script>
  window.addEventListener('tabs:register', () => {
    let { activeClass } = CONFIG.comments;
    if (CONFIG.comments.storage) {
      activeClass = localStorage.getItem('comments_active') || activeClass;
    }
    if (activeClass) {
      let activeTab = document.querySelector(`a[href="#comment-${activeClass}"]`);
      if (activeTab) {
        activeTab.click();
      }
    }
  });
  if (CONFIG.comments.storage) {
    window.addEventListener('tabs:click', event => {
      if (!event.target.matches('.tabs-comment .tab-content .tab-pane')) return;
      let commentClass = event.target.classList[1];
      localStorage.setItem('comments_active', commentClass);
    });
  }
</script>

        </div>
          
  
  <div class="toggle sidebar-toggle">
    <span class="toggle-line toggle-line-first"></span>
    <span class="toggle-line toggle-line-middle"></span>
    <span class="toggle-line toggle-line-last"></span>
  </div>

  <aside class="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar-inner">

      <ul class="sidebar-nav motion-element">
        <li class="sidebar-nav-toc">
          文章目录
        </li>
        <li class="sidebar-nav-overview">
          站点概览
        </li>
      </ul>

      <!--noindex-->
      <div class="post-toc-wrap sidebar-panel">
          <div class="post-toc motion-element"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0-%E5%AF%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%98%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%B4CPU%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">第一章 对程序员来说CPU是什么</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#CPU%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">CPU的内部解析</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#cpu%E6%98%AF%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">cpu是寄存器的集合体</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
      </div>
      <!--/noindex-->

      <div class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel">
        <div class="site-author motion-element" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
  <p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">陈孟辉</p>
  <div class="site-description" itemprop="description">日积月藏，不做咸鱼。这里是陈孟辉的个人学习笔记，现就职于北京瑞友科技，负责维护企业ERP系统。</div>
</div>
<div class="site-state-wrap motion-element">
  <nav class="site-state">
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
          <a href="/archives/">
        
          <span class="site-state-item-count">170</span>
          <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
        </a>
      </div>
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-categories">
            <a href="/categories/">
          
        <span class="site-state-item-count">45</span>
        <span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span></a>
      </div>
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
            <a href="/tags/">
          
        <span class="site-state-item-count">60</span>
        <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
      </div>
  </nav>
</div>


  <div class="links-of-blogroll motion-element">
    <div class="links-of-blogroll-title"><i class="fa fa-link fa-fw"></i>
      Links
    </div>
    <ul class="links-of-blogroll-list">
        <li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
          <a href="http://tool.oschina.net/uploads/apidocs/jquery/regexp.html" title="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;tool.oschina.net&#x2F;uploads&#x2F;apidocs&#x2F;jquery&#x2F;regexp.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">正则表达式</a>
        </li>
        <li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
          <a href="https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/Algorithms.html" title="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.cs.usfca.edu&#x2F;~galles&#x2F;visualization&#x2F;Algorithms.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">算法图示</a>
        </li>
    </ul>
  </div>

      </div>
        <div class="back-to-top motion-element">
          <i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i>
          <span>0%</span>
        </div>

    </div>
  </aside>
  <div id="sidebar-dimmer"></div>


      </div>
    </main>

    <footer class="footer">
      <div class="footer-inner">
        

        

<div class="copyright">
  
  &copy; 
  <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2024</span>
  <span class="with-love">
    <i class="fa fa-heart"></i>
  </span>
  <span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">陈孟辉</span>
    <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
      <i class="fa fa-chart-area"></i>
    </span>
    <span title="站点总字数">204k</span>
    <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
      <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
    </span>
    <span title="站点阅读时长">3:06</span>
</div>
  <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" class="theme-link" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.org/" class="theme-link" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Gemini</a> 强力驱动
  </div>

        








      </div>
    </footer>
  </div>

  
  <script src="/lib/anime.min.js"></script>

<script src="/js/utils.js"></script>


<script src="/js/schemes/pisces.js"></script>


<script src="/js/next-boot.js"></script>




  




  
<script src="/js/local-search.js"></script>













  

  


<script>
NexT.utils.loadComments(document.querySelector('#valine-comments'), () => {
  NexT.utils.getScript('//unpkg.com/valine/dist/Valine.min.js', () => {
    var GUEST = ['nick', 'mail', 'link'];
    var guest = 'nick,mail,link';
    guest = guest.split(',').filter(item => {
      return GUEST.includes(item);
    });
    new Valine({
      el         : '#valine-comments',
      verify     : true,
      notify     : true,
      appId      : '9jQqXQuURk2dvsv5oVh9D0VM-gzGzoHsz',
      appKey     : 'YfjrSNHQAtj63yeNmdmrLlLw',
      placeholder: "Just go go",
      avatar     : 'mm',
      meta       : guest,
      pageSize   : '10' || 10,
      visitor    : false,
      lang       : '' || 'zh-cn',
      path       : location.pathname,
      recordIP   : true,
      serverURLs : ''
    });
  }, window.Valine);
});
</script>

</body>
</html>
